SUMMARISED THEME 3A

    YOGA LADDER

    • Encourages regulated sense gratification
    • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
    • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
      o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
      o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
      o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
      o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
    • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
    • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
    • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
    • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
    • Platform of philosophical enquiry
    • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
    • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
    • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

    THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

    BHAKTI YOGA

    ASTANGA YOGA

    JNANA YOGA

    NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

    SAKAM KARMA YOGA

    KARMA KANDA

    ANIMAL LIFE

    Progress Chapter 1 50%

    (a) Two examples of pretenders

    (b) Prescribed duties are meant to ‘cleanse of heart’ (Refer to Text 3.4 Focus of Learning box)

    (c) What is the heart’s contamination or the polluted propensities – Desire to lord over material nature which manifests as the desire for sense gratification.

    (d) Renunciation for the purpose of maintenance of body and soul is condemned in this verse

    LINK BETWEEN 3.8 & 3.9 : Arjuna wanted to avoid work out of fear that he will develop material attachments and desires and especially he fears the reaction that follows this work. Lord speaks Text 3.9 to differentiate ordinary entangling work from ‘Karma-yoga’, which carries one to liberation.

    Text 3.9

    THEME : Work done as a sacrifice (yajna) for satisfaction of Vishnu is a means of liberation from all bondages.

    Learnings from Purport 3.9

    (a) Meaning of ‘yajna’ – It refers to Lord Vishnu or Sacrificial performance

    • Some references given are as follows:
      o Vedas: “yajna vai visnu” – “Purpose of sacrifice” is pleasure of Vishnu
      o Vishnu–purana – Goal of varnahsrama – Satisfaction of Vishnu

    (b) Krishna Consciousness is process of ‘Yajna’ as per this verse because

    • The same purpose is served whether one performs ‘prescribed yajnas’ or ‘directly serves Lord Vishnu’
    • Also, varnashrama institution also aims at satisfying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna

    (c) “Work in Krishna Consciousness” –An art of doing work which requires expert Guidance

    (d) PRACTICAL APPLICATION: How to perform ‘work in Krishna consciousness’

    • Act diligently and under expert guidance of a devotee
    • Not at all for sense gratification but all for Krishna’s satisfaction

    (e) Benefit of such action in Krishna consciousness

    • Freedom from reaction
    • While performing one is in liberated state
    • Gradual elevation to love of God
    • Entrance into the kingdom of God

    (f) Conclusion: Text 3.9 elevates the ‘Niskama-karma’ of Texts 3.3 to 3.8 to the level of bhakti by including knowledge of Vishnu.

    SUMMARISED THEME 3A

    YOGA LADDER

    • Encourages regulated sense gratification
    • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
    • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
      o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
      o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
      o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
      o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
    • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
    • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
    • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
    • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
    • Platform of philosophical enquiry
    • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
    • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
    • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

    THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

    BHAKTI YOGA

    ASTANGA YOGA

    JNANA YOGA

    NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

    SAKAM KARMA YOGA

    KARMA KANDA

    ANIMAL LIFE

    Progress Chapter 1 50%

      (a) Two examples of pretenders

      (b) Prescribed duties are meant to ‘cleanse of heart’ (Refer to Text 3.4 Focus of Learning box)

      (c) What is the heart’s contamination or the polluted propensities – Desire to lord over material nature which manifests as the desire for sense gratification.

      (d) Renunciation for the purpose of maintenance of body and soul is condemned in this verse

      LINK BETWEEN 3.8 & 3.9 : Arjuna wanted to avoid work out of fear that he will develop material attachments and desires and especially he fears the reaction that follows this work. Lord speaks Text 3.9 to differentiate ordinary entangling work from ‘Karma-yoga’, which carries one to liberation.

      Text 3.9

      THEME : Work done as a sacrifice (yajna) for satisfaction of Vishnu is a means of liberation from all bondages.

      Learnings from Purport 3.9

      (a) Meaning of ‘yajna’ – It refers to Lord Vishnu or Sacrificial performance

      • Some references given are as follows:
        o Vedas: “yajna vai visnu” – “Purpose of sacrifice” is pleasure of Vishnu
        o Vishnu–purana – Goal of varnahsrama – Satisfaction of Vishnu

      (b) Krishna Consciousness is process of ‘Yajna’ as per this verse because

      • The same purpose is served whether one performs ‘prescribed yajnas’ or ‘directly serves Lord Vishnu’
      • Also, varnashrama institution also aims at satisfying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna

      (c) “Work in Krishna Consciousness” –An art of doing work which requires expert Guidance

      (d) PRACTICAL APPLICATION: How to perform ‘work in Krishna consciousness’

      • Act diligently and under expert guidance of a devotee
      • Not at all for sense gratification but all for Krishna’s satisfaction

      (e) Benefit of such action in Krishna consciousness

      • Freedom from reaction
      • While performing one is in liberated state
      • Gradual elevation to love of God
      • Entrance into the kingdom of God

      (f) Conclusion: Text 3.9 elevates the ‘Niskama-karma’ of Texts 3.3 to 3.8 to the level of bhakti by including knowledge of Vishnu.

      SUMMARISED THEME 3A

      YOGA LADDER

      • Encourages regulated sense gratification
      • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
      • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
        o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
        o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
        o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
        o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
      • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
      • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
      • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
      • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
      • Platform of philosophical enquiry
      • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
      • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
      • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

      THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

      BHAKTI YOGA

      ASTANGA YOGA

      JNANA YOGA

      NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

      SAKAM KARMA YOGA

      KARMA KANDA

      ANIMAL LIFE

      Progress Chapter 1 50%

      (a) What is Prime ‘svartha-gati’ or the ‘goal of self-interest’

      (b) Purpose of ‘Varnashrama’ institution – Designed to lead one gradually to this ‘goal of self-interest’

      (c) “Sincerity” means

      (d) “Sincere sweeper is better than charlatan meditator”, who adopts show-bottle spiritualism to cheat innocent public.

      Text 3.8

      THEME : Recommends Arjuna that his prescribed duty as ksatriya is “Fighting or Work” and not “renunciation”, as per discussion in Text 2.47 “Karmany evadhikaras te…”

      • One cannot even maintain one’s physical body without work
      Learnings from Purport 3.8

      (a) Two examples of pretenders

      • Many pseudo-mediators who misrepresent themselves as belonging to high parentage, and…
      • Great professional men who falsely pose that they have sacrificed everything for the sake of advancement in spiritual life

      (b) Prescribed duties are meant to ‘cleanse of heart’ (Refer to Text 3.4 Focus of Learning box)

      (c) What is the heart’s contamination or the polluted propensities – Desire to lord over material nature which manifests as the desire for sense gratification.

      (d) Renunciation for the purpose of maintenance of body and soul is condemned in this verse

      • Without purification by prescribed duties, one should never attempt to be a so-called transcendentalist.

      LINK BETWEEN 3.8 & 3.9 : Arjuna wanted to avoid work out of fear that he will develop material attachments and desires and especially he fears the reaction that follows this work. Lord speaks Text 3.9 to differentiate ordinary entangling work from ‘Karma-yoga’, which carries one to liberation.

      Text 3.9

      THEME : Work done as a sacrifice (yajna) for satisfaction of Vishnu is a means of liberation from all bondages.

      Learnings from Purport 3.9

      (a) Meaning of ‘yajna’ – It refers to Lord Vishnu or Sacrificial performance

      • Some references given are as follows:
        o Vedas: “yajna vai visnu” – “Purpose of sacrifice” is pleasure of Vishnu
        o Vishnu–purana – Goal of varnahsrama – Satisfaction of Vishnu

      (b) Krishna Consciousness is process of ‘Yajna’ as per this verse because

      • The same purpose is served whether one performs ‘prescribed yajnas’ or ‘directly serves Lord Vishnu’
      • Also, varnashrama institution also aims at satisfying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna

      (c) “Work in Krishna Consciousness” –An art of doing work which requires expert Guidance

      (d) PRACTICAL APPLICATION: How to perform ‘work in Krishna consciousness’

      • Act diligently and under expert guidance of a devotee
      • Not at all for sense gratification but all for Krishna’s satisfaction

      (e) Benefit of such action in Krishna consciousness

      • Freedom from reaction
      • While performing one is in liberated state
      • Gradual elevation to love of God
      • Entrance into the kingdom of God

      (f) Conclusion: Text 3.9 elevates the ‘Niskama-karma’ of Texts 3.3 to 3.8 to the level of bhakti by including knowledge of Vishnu.

      SUMMARISED THEME 3A

      YOGA LADDER

      • Encourages regulated sense gratification
      • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
      • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
        o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
        o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
        o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
        o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
      • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
      • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
      • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
      • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
      • Platform of philosophical enquiry
      • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
      • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
      • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

      THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

      BHAKTI YOGA

      ASTANGA YOGA

      JNANA YOGA

      NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

      SAKAM KARMA YOGA

      KARMA KANDA

      ANIMAL LIFE

      Progress Chapter 1 50%

        (a) What is Prime ‘svartha-gati’ or the ‘goal of self-interest’

        (b) Purpose of ‘Varnashrama’ institution – Designed to lead one gradually to this ‘goal of self-interest’

        (c) “Sincerity” means

        (d) “Sincere sweeper is better than charlatan meditator”, who adopts show-bottle spiritualism to cheat innocent public.

        Text 3.8

        THEME : Recommends Arjuna that his prescribed duty as ksatriya is “Fighting or Work” and not “renunciation”, as per discussion in Text 2.47 “Karmany evadhikaras te…”

        • One cannot even maintain one’s physical body without work
        Learnings from Purport 3.8

        (a) Two examples of pretenders

        • Many pseudo-mediators who misrepresent themselves as belonging to high parentage, and…
        • Great professional men who falsely pose that they have sacrificed everything for the sake of advancement in spiritual life

        (b) Prescribed duties are meant to ‘cleanse of heart’ (Refer to Text 3.4 Focus of Learning box)

        (c) What is the heart’s contamination or the polluted propensities – Desire to lord over material nature which manifests as the desire for sense gratification.

        (d) Renunciation for the purpose of maintenance of body and soul is condemned in this verse

        • Without purification by prescribed duties, one should never attempt to be a so-called transcendentalist.

        LINK BETWEEN 3.8 & 3.9 : Arjuna wanted to avoid work out of fear that he will develop material attachments and desires and especially he fears the reaction that follows this work. Lord speaks Text 3.9 to differentiate ordinary entangling work from ‘Karma-yoga’, which carries one to liberation.

        Text 3.9

        THEME : Work done as a sacrifice (yajna) for satisfaction of Vishnu is a means of liberation from all bondages.

        Learnings from Purport 3.9

        (a) Meaning of ‘yajna’ – It refers to Lord Vishnu or Sacrificial performance

        • Some references given are as follows:
          o Vedas: “yajna vai visnu” – “Purpose of sacrifice” is pleasure of Vishnu
          o Vishnu–purana – Goal of varnahsrama – Satisfaction of Vishnu

        (b) Krishna Consciousness is process of ‘Yajna’ as per this verse because

        • The same purpose is served whether one performs ‘prescribed yajnas’ or ‘directly serves Lord Vishnu’
        • Also, varnashrama institution also aims at satisfying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna

        (c) “Work in Krishna Consciousness” –An art of doing work which requires expert Guidance

        (d) PRACTICAL APPLICATION: How to perform ‘work in Krishna consciousness’

        • Act diligently and under expert guidance of a devotee
        • Not at all for sense gratification but all for Krishna’s satisfaction

        (e) Benefit of such action in Krishna consciousness

        • Freedom from reaction
        • While performing one is in liberated state
        • Gradual elevation to love of God
        • Entrance into the kingdom of God

        (f) Conclusion: Text 3.9 elevates the ‘Niskama-karma’ of Texts 3.3 to 3.8 to the level of bhakti by including knowledge of Vishnu.

        SUMMARISED THEME 3A

        YOGA LADDER

        • Encourages regulated sense gratification
        • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
        • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
          o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
          o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
          o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
          o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
        • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
        • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
        • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
        • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
        • Platform of philosophical enquiry
        • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
        • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
        • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

        THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

        BHAKTI YOGA

        ASTANGA YOGA

        JNANA YOGA

        NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

        SAKAM KARMA YOGA

        KARMA KANDA

        ANIMAL LIFE

        Progress Chapter 1 50%

        This purport focuses on some possible characteristics of such pretenders.

        (a) Show-bottle spiritualist – They make of show of yogic meditation which is “of no value”

        (b) No value of the show of meditation

        (c) Greatest cheaters – May speak dry philosophy to bluff sophisticated followers, but they are the greatest cheaters

        (d) What they should understand – They should understand the following:

        Text 3.7

        THEME : Appreciates a “Sincere dutiful householder” to be better than “Attached or Mithyacarah Sannyasi”

        • One should sincerely try to control active senses by the mind and begin Karma-yoga without attachment.

        IMPORTANT POINTS :

        • Taking to quick renunciation before one is qualified may be an attempt to acquire subtle sense gratification through profit, adoration and distinction. Krishna mockingly contrasts this  pseudo renunciation with the honest attempt at purification through the regulations of karma-yoga.
        • We should always act according to our level or position and never try to imitate higher levels, without purification; and thus follow the guidance of guru, sadhu and sastra.
        Learnings from Purport 3.7

        (a) What is Prime ‘svartha-gati’ or the ‘goal of self-interest’

        • To reach Vishnu, which implies to be free from material bondage and enter God’s kingdom

        (b) Purpose of ‘Varnashrama’ institution – Designed to lead one gradually to this ‘goal of self-interest’

        • This implies that a sincere householder can also reach this destination by regulated service in Krishna consciousness

        (c) “Sincerity” means

        • Live a controlled life based on sastras and
        • Carry out your business without attachment

        (d) “Sincere sweeper is better than charlatan meditator”, who adopts show-bottle spiritualism to cheat innocent public.

        Text 3.8

        THEME : Recommends Arjuna that his prescribed duty as ksatriya is “Fighting or Work” and not “renunciation”, as per discussion in Text 2.47 “Karmany evadhikaras te…”

        • One cannot even maintain one’s physical body without work
        Learnings from Purport 3.8

        (a) Two examples of pretenders

        • Many pseudo-mediators who misrepresent themselves as belonging to high parentage, and…
        • Great professional men who falsely pose that they have sacrificed everything for the sake of advancement in spiritual life

        (b) Prescribed duties are meant to ‘cleanse of heart’ (Refer to Text 3.4 Focus of Learning box)

        (c) What is the heart’s contamination or the polluted propensities – Desire to lord over material nature which manifests as the desire for sense gratification.

        (d) Renunciation for the purpose of maintenance of body and soul is condemned in this verse

        • Without purification by prescribed duties, one should never attempt to be a so-called transcendentalist.

        LINK BETWEEN 3.8 & 3.9 : Arjuna wanted to avoid work out of fear that he will develop material attachments and desires and especially he fears the reaction that follows this work. Lord speaks Text 3.9 to differentiate ordinary entangling work from ‘Karma-yoga’, which carries one to liberation.

        Text 3.9

        THEME : Work done as a sacrifice (yajna) for satisfaction of Vishnu is a means of liberation from all bondages.

        Learnings from Purport 3.9

        (a) Meaning of ‘yajna’ – It refers to Lord Vishnu or Sacrificial performance

        • Some references given are as follows:
          o Vedas: “yajna vai visnu” – “Purpose of sacrifice” is pleasure of Vishnu
          o Vishnu–purana – Goal of varnahsrama – Satisfaction of Vishnu

        (b) Krishna Consciousness is process of ‘Yajna’ as per this verse because

        • The same purpose is served whether one performs ‘prescribed yajnas’ or ‘directly serves Lord Vishnu’
        • Also, varnashrama institution also aims at satisfying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna

        (c) “Work in Krishna Consciousness” –An art of doing work which requires expert Guidance

        (d) PRACTICAL APPLICATION: How to perform ‘work in Krishna consciousness’

        • Act diligently and under expert guidance of a devotee
        • Not at all for sense gratification but all for Krishna’s satisfaction

        (e) Benefit of such action in Krishna consciousness

        • Freedom from reaction
        • While performing one is in liberated state
        • Gradual elevation to love of God
        • Entrance into the kingdom of God

        (f) Conclusion: Text 3.9 elevates the ‘Niskama-karma’ of Texts 3.3 to 3.8 to the level of bhakti by including knowledge of Vishnu.

        SUMMARISED THEME 3A

        YOGA LADDER

        • Encourages regulated sense gratification
        • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
        • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
          o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
          o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
          o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
          o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
        • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
        • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
        • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
        • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
        • Platform of philosophical enquiry
        • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
        • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
        • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

        THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

        BHAKTI YOGA

        ASTANGA YOGA

        JNANA YOGA

        NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

        SAKAM KARMA YOGA

        KARMA KANDA

        ANIMAL LIFE

        Progress Chapter 1 50%

          This purport focuses on some possible characteristics of such pretenders.

          (a) Show-bottle spiritualist – They make of show of yogic meditation which is “of no value”

          (b) No value of the show of meditation

          (c) Greatest cheaters – May speak dry philosophy to bluff sophisticated followers, but they are the greatest cheaters

          (d) What they should understand – They should understand the following:

          Text 3.7

          THEME : Appreciates a “Sincere dutiful householder” to be better than “Attached or Mithyacarah Sannyasi”

          • One should sincerely try to control active senses by the mind and begin Karma-yoga without attachment.

          IMPORTANT POINTS :

          • Taking to quick renunciation before one is qualified may be an attempt to acquire subtle sense gratification through profit, adoration and distinction. Krishna mockingly contrasts this  pseudo renunciation with the honest attempt at purification through the regulations of karma-yoga.
          • We should always act according to our level or position and never try to imitate higher levels, without purification; and thus follow the guidance of guru, sadhu and sastra.
          Learnings from Purport 3.7

          (a) What is Prime ‘svartha-gati’ or the ‘goal of self-interest’

          • To reach Vishnu, which implies to be free from material bondage and enter God’s kingdom

          (b) Purpose of ‘Varnashrama’ institution – Designed to lead one gradually to this ‘goal of self-interest’

          • This implies that a sincere householder can also reach this destination by regulated service in Krishna consciousness

          (c) “Sincerity” means

          • Live a controlled life based on sastras and
          • Carry out your business without attachment

          (d) “Sincere sweeper is better than charlatan meditator”, who adopts show-bottle spiritualism to cheat innocent public.

          Text 3.8

          THEME : Recommends Arjuna that his prescribed duty as ksatriya is “Fighting or Work” and not “renunciation”, as per discussion in Text 2.47 “Karmany evadhikaras te…”

          • One cannot even maintain one’s physical body without work
          Learnings from Purport 3.8

          (a) Two examples of pretenders

          • Many pseudo-mediators who misrepresent themselves as belonging to high parentage, and…
          • Great professional men who falsely pose that they have sacrificed everything for the sake of advancement in spiritual life

          (b) Prescribed duties are meant to ‘cleanse of heart’ (Refer to Text 3.4 Focus of Learning box)

          (c) What is the heart’s contamination or the polluted propensities – Desire to lord over material nature which manifests as the desire for sense gratification.

          (d) Renunciation for the purpose of maintenance of body and soul is condemned in this verse

          • Without purification by prescribed duties, one should never attempt to be a so-called transcendentalist.

          LINK BETWEEN 3.8 & 3.9 : Arjuna wanted to avoid work out of fear that he will develop material attachments and desires and especially he fears the reaction that follows this work. Lord speaks Text 3.9 to differentiate ordinary entangling work from ‘Karma-yoga’, which carries one to liberation.

          Text 3.9

          THEME : Work done as a sacrifice (yajna) for satisfaction of Vishnu is a means of liberation from all bondages.

          Learnings from Purport 3.9

          (a) Meaning of ‘yajna’ – It refers to Lord Vishnu or Sacrificial performance

          • Some references given are as follows:
            o Vedas: “yajna vai visnu” – “Purpose of sacrifice” is pleasure of Vishnu
            o Vishnu–purana – Goal of varnahsrama – Satisfaction of Vishnu

          (b) Krishna Consciousness is process of ‘Yajna’ as per this verse because

          • The same purpose is served whether one performs ‘prescribed yajnas’ or ‘directly serves Lord Vishnu’
          • Also, varnashrama institution also aims at satisfying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna

          (c) “Work in Krishna Consciousness” –An art of doing work which requires expert Guidance

          (d) PRACTICAL APPLICATION: How to perform ‘work in Krishna consciousness’

          • Act diligently and under expert guidance of a devotee
          • Not at all for sense gratification but all for Krishna’s satisfaction

          (e) Benefit of such action in Krishna consciousness

          • Freedom from reaction
          • While performing one is in liberated state
          • Gradual elevation to love of God
          • Entrance into the kingdom of God

          (f) Conclusion: Text 3.9 elevates the ‘Niskama-karma’ of Texts 3.3 to 3.8 to the level of bhakti by including knowledge of Vishnu.

          SUMMARISED THEME 3A

          YOGA LADDER

          • Encourages regulated sense gratification
          • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
          • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
            o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
            o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
            o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
            o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
          • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
          • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
          • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
          • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
          • Platform of philosophical enquiry
          • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
          • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
          • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

          THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

          BHAKTI YOGA

          ASTANGA YOGA

          JNANA YOGA

          NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

          SAKAM KARMA YOGA

          KARMA KANDA

          ANIMAL LIFE

          Progress Chapter 1 50%

          (a) Premature sannyasa is harmful

          (b) Thus this verse sets criteria on when one should take sannyasa

          (c) “Ultimate goal of Sannyasa, or any purificatory processes“ is to reach to the point of becoming Krishna conscious” (Ref. SB 1.5.17)

          (d) Krishna consciousness turns yoga-ladder into an elevator – Therefore contact with Krishna (through contact with devotee) at any step of yoga ladder will speed up the process of purification.

          Text 3.6

          THEME: : Condemns “An unfortunate renunciant” who renounces without purification

          • Defines ‘pretender’ or ‘mithyacarah – He restrains the senses of action but minds dwells on sense objects.
          Learnings from Purport 3.6

          This purport focuses on some possible characteristics of such pretenders.

          (a) Show-bottle spiritualist – They make of show of yogic meditation which is “of no value”

          (b) No value of the show of meditation

          • It is of no value because “mind is impure”, dwelling upon sense enjoyment
          • His knowledge has no value because the effects of such a sinful man’s knowledge are taken
            away by illusory energy of the Lord

          (c) Greatest cheaters – May speak dry philosophy to bluff sophisticated followers, but they are the greatest cheaters

          • One who makes a show of being a yogi while actually searching for the objects of sense
            gratification must be called the greatest cheater

          (d) What they should understand – They should understand the following:

          • For sense enjoyment one can act in any capacity of the social order,
          • But if one follows the rules and regulations of his particular status he can make gradual progress in purifying his existence.
          Text 3.7

          THEME : Appreciates a “Sincere dutiful householder” to be better than “Attached or Mithyacarah Sannyasi”

          • One should sincerely try to control active senses by the mind and begin Karma-yoga without attachment.

          IMPORTANT POINTS :

          • Taking to quick renunciation before one is qualified may be an attempt to acquire subtle sense gratification through profit, adoration and distinction. Krishna mockingly contrasts this  pseudo renunciation with the honest attempt at purification through the regulations of karma-yoga.
          • We should always act according to our level or position and never try to imitate higher levels, without purification; and thus follow the guidance of guru, sadhu and sastra.
          Learnings from Purport 3.7

          (a) What is Prime ‘svartha-gati’ or the ‘goal of self-interest’

          • To reach Vishnu, which implies to be free from material bondage and enter God’s kingdom

          (b) Purpose of ‘Varnashrama’ institution – Designed to lead one gradually to this ‘goal of self-interest’

          • This implies that a sincere householder can also reach this destination by regulated service in Krishna consciousness

          (c) “Sincerity” means

          • Live a controlled life based on sastras and
          • Carry out your business without attachment

          (d) “Sincere sweeper is better than charlatan meditator”, who adopts show-bottle spiritualism to cheat innocent public.

          Text 3.8

          THEME : Recommends Arjuna that his prescribed duty as ksatriya is “Fighting or Work” and not “renunciation”, as per discussion in Text 2.47 “Karmany evadhikaras te…”

          • One cannot even maintain one’s physical body without work
          Learnings from Purport 3.8

          (a) Two examples of pretenders

          • Many pseudo-mediators who misrepresent themselves as belonging to high parentage, and…
          • Great professional men who falsely pose that they have sacrificed everything for the sake of advancement in spiritual life

          (b) Prescribed duties are meant to ‘cleanse of heart’ (Refer to Text 3.4 Focus of Learning box)

          (c) What is the heart’s contamination or the polluted propensities – Desire to lord over material nature which manifests as the desire for sense gratification.

          (d) Renunciation for the purpose of maintenance of body and soul is condemned in this verse

          • Without purification by prescribed duties, one should never attempt to be a so-called transcendentalist.

          LINK BETWEEN 3.8 & 3.9 : Arjuna wanted to avoid work out of fear that he will develop material attachments and desires and especially he fears the reaction that follows this work. Lord speaks Text 3.9 to differentiate ordinary entangling work from ‘Karma-yoga’, which carries one to liberation.

          Text 3.9

          THEME : Work done as a sacrifice (yajna) for satisfaction of Vishnu is a means of liberation from all bondages.

          Learnings from Purport 3.9

          (a) Meaning of ‘yajna’ – It refers to Lord Vishnu or Sacrificial performance

          • Some references given are as follows:
            o Vedas: “yajna vai visnu” – “Purpose of sacrifice” is pleasure of Vishnu
            o Vishnu–purana – Goal of varnahsrama – Satisfaction of Vishnu

          (b) Krishna Consciousness is process of ‘Yajna’ as per this verse because

          • The same purpose is served whether one performs ‘prescribed yajnas’ or ‘directly serves Lord Vishnu’
          • Also, varnashrama institution also aims at satisfying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna

          (c) “Work in Krishna Consciousness” –An art of doing work which requires expert Guidance

          (d) PRACTICAL APPLICATION: How to perform ‘work in Krishna consciousness’

          • Act diligently and under expert guidance of a devotee
          • Not at all for sense gratification but all for Krishna’s satisfaction

          (e) Benefit of such action in Krishna consciousness

          • Freedom from reaction
          • While performing one is in liberated state
          • Gradual elevation to love of God
          • Entrance into the kingdom of God

          (f) Conclusion: Text 3.9 elevates the ‘Niskama-karma’ of Texts 3.3 to 3.8 to the level of bhakti by including knowledge of Vishnu.

          SUMMARISED THEME 3A

          YOGA LADDER

          • Encourages regulated sense gratification
          • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
          • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
            o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
            o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
            o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
            o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
          • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
          • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
          • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
          • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
          • Platform of philosophical enquiry
          • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
          • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
          • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

          THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

          BHAKTI YOGA

          ASTANGA YOGA

          JNANA YOGA

          NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

          SAKAM KARMA YOGA

          KARMA KANDA

          ANIMAL LIFE

          Progress Chapter 1 50%

            (a) Premature sannyasa is harmful

            (b) Thus this verse sets criteria on when one should take sannyasa

            (c) “Ultimate goal of Sannyasa, or any purificatory processes“ is to reach to the point of becoming Krishna conscious” (Ref. SB 1.5.17)

            (d) Krishna consciousness turns yoga-ladder into an elevator – Therefore contact with Krishna (through contact with devotee) at any step of yoga ladder will speed up the process of purification.

            Text 3.6

            THEME: : Condemns “An unfortunate renunciant” who renounces without purification

            • Defines ‘pretender’ or ‘mithyacarah – He restrains the senses of action but minds dwells on sense objects.
            Learnings from Purport 3.6

            This purport focuses on some possible characteristics of such pretenders.

            (a) Show-bottle spiritualist – They make of show of yogic meditation which is “of no value”

            (b) No value of the show of meditation

            • It is of no value because “mind is impure”, dwelling upon sense enjoyment
            • His knowledge has no value because the effects of such a sinful man’s knowledge are taken
              away by illusory energy of the Lord

            (c) Greatest cheaters – May speak dry philosophy to bluff sophisticated followers, but they are the greatest cheaters

            • One who makes a show of being a yogi while actually searching for the objects of sense
              gratification must be called the greatest cheater

            (d) What they should understand – They should understand the following:

            • For sense enjoyment one can act in any capacity of the social order,
            • But if one follows the rules and regulations of his particular status he can make gradual progress in purifying his existence.
            Text 3.7

            THEME : Appreciates a “Sincere dutiful householder” to be better than “Attached or Mithyacarah Sannyasi”

            • One should sincerely try to control active senses by the mind and begin Karma-yoga without attachment.

            IMPORTANT POINTS :

            • Taking to quick renunciation before one is qualified may be an attempt to acquire subtle sense gratification through profit, adoration and distinction. Krishna mockingly contrasts this  pseudo renunciation with the honest attempt at purification through the regulations of karma-yoga.
            • We should always act according to our level or position and never try to imitate higher levels, without purification; and thus follow the guidance of guru, sadhu and sastra.
            Learnings from Purport 3.7

            (a) What is Prime ‘svartha-gati’ or the ‘goal of self-interest’

            • To reach Vishnu, which implies to be free from material bondage and enter God’s kingdom

            (b) Purpose of ‘Varnashrama’ institution – Designed to lead one gradually to this ‘goal of self-interest’

            • This implies that a sincere householder can also reach this destination by regulated service in Krishna consciousness

            (c) “Sincerity” means

            • Live a controlled life based on sastras and
            • Carry out your business without attachment

            (d) “Sincere sweeper is better than charlatan meditator”, who adopts show-bottle spiritualism to cheat innocent public.

            Text 3.8

            THEME : Recommends Arjuna that his prescribed duty as ksatriya is “Fighting or Work” and not “renunciation”, as per discussion in Text 2.47 “Karmany evadhikaras te…”

            • One cannot even maintain one’s physical body without work
            Learnings from Purport 3.8

            (a) Two examples of pretenders

            • Many pseudo-mediators who misrepresent themselves as belonging to high parentage, and…
            • Great professional men who falsely pose that they have sacrificed everything for the sake of advancement in spiritual life

            (b) Prescribed duties are meant to ‘cleanse of heart’ (Refer to Text 3.4 Focus of Learning box)

            (c) What is the heart’s contamination or the polluted propensities – Desire to lord over material nature which manifests as the desire for sense gratification.

            (d) Renunciation for the purpose of maintenance of body and soul is condemned in this verse

            • Without purification by prescribed duties, one should never attempt to be a so-called transcendentalist.

            LINK BETWEEN 3.8 & 3.9 : Arjuna wanted to avoid work out of fear that he will develop material attachments and desires and especially he fears the reaction that follows this work. Lord speaks Text 3.9 to differentiate ordinary entangling work from ‘Karma-yoga’, which carries one to liberation.

            Text 3.9

            THEME : Work done as a sacrifice (yajna) for satisfaction of Vishnu is a means of liberation from all bondages.

            Learnings from Purport 3.9

            (a) Meaning of ‘yajna’ – It refers to Lord Vishnu or Sacrificial performance

            • Some references given are as follows:
              o Vedas: “yajna vai visnu” – “Purpose of sacrifice” is pleasure of Vishnu
              o Vishnu–purana – Goal of varnahsrama – Satisfaction of Vishnu

            (b) Krishna Consciousness is process of ‘Yajna’ as per this verse because

            • The same purpose is served whether one performs ‘prescribed yajnas’ or ‘directly serves Lord Vishnu’
            • Also, varnashrama institution also aims at satisfying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna

            (c) “Work in Krishna Consciousness” –An art of doing work which requires expert Guidance

            (d) PRACTICAL APPLICATION: How to perform ‘work in Krishna consciousness’

            • Act diligently and under expert guidance of a devotee
            • Not at all for sense gratification but all for Krishna’s satisfaction

            (e) Benefit of such action in Krishna consciousness

            • Freedom from reaction
            • While performing one is in liberated state
            • Gradual elevation to love of God
            • Entrance into the kingdom of God

            (f) Conclusion: Text 3.9 elevates the ‘Niskama-karma’ of Texts 3.3 to 3.8 to the level of bhakti by including knowledge of Vishnu.

            SUMMARISED THEME 3A

            YOGA LADDER

            • Encourages regulated sense gratification
            • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
            • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
              o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
              o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
              o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
              o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
            • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
            • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
            • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
            • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
            • Platform of philosophical enquiry
            • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
            • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
            • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

            THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

            BHAKTI YOGA

            ASTANGA YOGA

            JNANA YOGA

            NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

            SAKAM KARMA YOGA

            KARMA KANDA

            ANIMAL LIFE

            Progress Chapter 1 50%

            (a) When does one accept renounced order – only when one is purified by the discharge of prescribed form of duties.

            (b) Purpose of “prescribed duties” – To purify the hearts of ‘materialistic men’

            (c) “Refutation of empiric philosophers that by adopting sannyasa one becomes “As Good as
            Narayana”

            (d) Practical application: Srila Prabhupada compares such ‘renunciation of activity’ to the ‘power of buddhi-yoga’

            Text 3.5

            THEME: Sankhya-yoga is impractical because soul is always active

            • Everyone is forced to act helplessly according to the qualities acquired from the modes of material nature.
            • Therefore no-one can refrain from doing something, not even for a moment.
            Learnings from Purport 3.5

            (a) Premature sannyasa is harmful

            • Premature renunciation is harmful because soul is always active
              o Either it has to be engaged in service of Krishna or
              o Under illusory energy where it may acquire three modes

            (b) Thus this verse sets criteria on when one should take sannyasa

            • Depending on the kind of modes one is affected by, sastras present different prescribed duties
              o to purify us from affinity of modes
              o to bring us to the level of jnana, with the knowledge of difference between body and soul
            • Thus when sufficiently purified, one can take sannyasa

            (c) “Ultimate goal of Sannyasa, or any purificatory processes“ is to reach to the point of becoming Krishna conscious” (Ref. SB 1.5.17)

            (d) Krishna consciousness turns yoga-ladder into an elevator – Therefore contact with Krishna (through contact with devotee) at any step of yoga ladder will speed up the process of purification.

            Text 3.6

            THEME: : Condemns “An unfortunate renunciant” who renounces without purification

            • Defines ‘pretender’ or ‘mithyacarah – He restrains the senses of action but minds dwells on sense objects.
            Learnings from Purport 3.6

            This purport focuses on some possible characteristics of such pretenders.

            (a) Show-bottle spiritualist – They make of show of yogic meditation which is “of no value”

            (b) No value of the show of meditation

            • It is of no value because “mind is impure”, dwelling upon sense enjoyment
            • His knowledge has no value because the effects of such a sinful man’s knowledge are taken
              away by illusory energy of the Lord

            (c) Greatest cheaters – May speak dry philosophy to bluff sophisticated followers, but they are the greatest cheaters

            • One who makes a show of being a yogi while actually searching for the objects of sense
              gratification must be called the greatest cheater

            (d) What they should understand – They should understand the following:

            • For sense enjoyment one can act in any capacity of the social order,
            • But if one follows the rules and regulations of his particular status he can make gradual progress in purifying his existence.
            Text 3.7

            THEME : Appreciates a “Sincere dutiful householder” to be better than “Attached or Mithyacarah Sannyasi”

            • One should sincerely try to control active senses by the mind and begin Karma-yoga without attachment.

            IMPORTANT POINTS :

            • Taking to quick renunciation before one is qualified may be an attempt to acquire subtle sense gratification through profit, adoration and distinction. Krishna mockingly contrasts this  pseudo renunciation with the honest attempt at purification through the regulations of karma-yoga.
            • We should always act according to our level or position and never try to imitate higher levels, without purification; and thus follow the guidance of guru, sadhu and sastra.
            Learnings from Purport 3.7

            (a) What is Prime ‘svartha-gati’ or the ‘goal of self-interest’

            • To reach Vishnu, which implies to be free from material bondage and enter God’s kingdom

            (b) Purpose of ‘Varnashrama’ institution – Designed to lead one gradually to this ‘goal of self-interest’

            • This implies that a sincere householder can also reach this destination by regulated service in Krishna consciousness

            (c) “Sincerity” means

            • Live a controlled life based on sastras and
            • Carry out your business without attachment

            (d) “Sincere sweeper is better than charlatan meditator”, who adopts show-bottle spiritualism to cheat innocent public.

            Text 3.8

            THEME : Recommends Arjuna that his prescribed duty as ksatriya is “Fighting or Work” and not “renunciation”, as per discussion in Text 2.47 “Karmany evadhikaras te…”

            • One cannot even maintain one’s physical body without work
            Learnings from Purport 3.8

            (a) Two examples of pretenders

            • Many pseudo-mediators who misrepresent themselves as belonging to high parentage, and…
            • Great professional men who falsely pose that they have sacrificed everything for the sake of advancement in spiritual life

            (b) Prescribed duties are meant to ‘cleanse of heart’ (Refer to Text 3.4 Focus of Learning box)

            (c) What is the heart’s contamination or the polluted propensities – Desire to lord over material nature which manifests as the desire for sense gratification.

            (d) Renunciation for the purpose of maintenance of body and soul is condemned in this verse

            • Without purification by prescribed duties, one should never attempt to be a so-called transcendentalist.

            LINK BETWEEN 3.8 & 3.9 : Arjuna wanted to avoid work out of fear that he will develop material attachments and desires and especially he fears the reaction that follows this work. Lord speaks Text 3.9 to differentiate ordinary entangling work from ‘Karma-yoga’, which carries one to liberation.

            Text 3.9

            THEME : Work done as a sacrifice (yajna) for satisfaction of Vishnu is a means of liberation from all bondages.

            Learnings from Purport 3.9

            (a) Meaning of ‘yajna’ – It refers to Lord Vishnu or Sacrificial performance

            • Some references given are as follows:
              o Vedas: “yajna vai visnu” – “Purpose of sacrifice” is pleasure of Vishnu
              o Vishnu–purana – Goal of varnahsrama – Satisfaction of Vishnu

            (b) Krishna Consciousness is process of ‘Yajna’ as per this verse because

            • The same purpose is served whether one performs ‘prescribed yajnas’ or ‘directly serves Lord Vishnu’
            • Also, varnashrama institution also aims at satisfying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna

            (c) “Work in Krishna Consciousness” –An art of doing work which requires expert Guidance

            (d) PRACTICAL APPLICATION: How to perform ‘work in Krishna consciousness’

            • Act diligently and under expert guidance of a devotee
            • Not at all for sense gratification but all for Krishna’s satisfaction

            (e) Benefit of such action in Krishna consciousness

            • Freedom from reaction
            • While performing one is in liberated state
            • Gradual elevation to love of God
            • Entrance into the kingdom of God

            (f) Conclusion: Text 3.9 elevates the ‘Niskama-karma’ of Texts 3.3 to 3.8 to the level of bhakti by including knowledge of Vishnu.

            SUMMARISED THEME 3A

            YOGA LADDER

            • Encourages regulated sense gratification
            • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
            • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
              o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
              o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
              o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
              o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
            • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
            • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
            • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
            • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
            • Platform of philosophical enquiry
            • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
            • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
            • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

            THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

            BHAKTI YOGA

            ASTANGA YOGA

            JNANA YOGA

            NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

            SAKAM KARMA YOGA

            KARMA KANDA

            ANIMAL LIFE

            Progress Chapter 1 50%

              (a) When does one accept renounced order – only when one is purified by the discharge of prescribed form of duties.

              (b) Purpose of “prescribed duties” – To purify the hearts of ‘materialistic men’

              (c) “Refutation of empiric philosophers that by adopting sannyasa one becomes “As Good as
              Narayana”

              (d) Practical application: Srila Prabhupada compares such ‘renunciation of activity’ to the ‘power of buddhi-yoga’

              Text 3.5

              THEME: Sankhya-yoga is impractical because soul is always active

              • Everyone is forced to act helplessly according to the qualities acquired from the modes of material nature.
              • Therefore no-one can refrain from doing something, not even for a moment.
              Learnings from Purport 3.5

              (a) Premature sannyasa is harmful

              • Premature renunciation is harmful because soul is always active
                o Either it has to be engaged in service of Krishna or
                o Under illusory energy where it may acquire three modes

              (b) Thus this verse sets criteria on when one should take sannyasa

              • Depending on the kind of modes one is affected by, sastras present different prescribed duties
                o to purify us from affinity of modes
                o to bring us to the level of jnana, with the knowledge of difference between body and soul
              • Thus when sufficiently purified, one can take sannyasa

              (c) “Ultimate goal of Sannyasa, or any purificatory processes“ is to reach to the point of becoming Krishna conscious” (Ref. SB 1.5.17)

              (d) Krishna consciousness turns yoga-ladder into an elevator – Therefore contact with Krishna (through contact with devotee) at any step of yoga ladder will speed up the process of purification.

              Text 3.6

              THEME: : Condemns “An unfortunate renunciant” who renounces without purification

              • Defines ‘pretender’ or ‘mithyacarah – He restrains the senses of action but minds dwells on sense objects.
              Learnings from Purport 3.6

              This purport focuses on some possible characteristics of such pretenders.

              (a) Show-bottle spiritualist – They make of show of yogic meditation which is “of no value”

              (b) No value of the show of meditation

              • It is of no value because “mind is impure”, dwelling upon sense enjoyment
              • His knowledge has no value because the effects of such a sinful man’s knowledge are taken
                away by illusory energy of the Lord

              (c) Greatest cheaters – May speak dry philosophy to bluff sophisticated followers, but they are the greatest cheaters

              • One who makes a show of being a yogi while actually searching for the objects of sense
                gratification must be called the greatest cheater

              (d) What they should understand – They should understand the following:

              • For sense enjoyment one can act in any capacity of the social order,
              • But if one follows the rules and regulations of his particular status he can make gradual progress in purifying his existence.
              Text 3.7

              THEME : Appreciates a “Sincere dutiful householder” to be better than “Attached or Mithyacarah Sannyasi”

              • One should sincerely try to control active senses by the mind and begin Karma-yoga without attachment.

              IMPORTANT POINTS :

              • Taking to quick renunciation before one is qualified may be an attempt to acquire subtle sense gratification through profit, adoration and distinction. Krishna mockingly contrasts this  pseudo renunciation with the honest attempt at purification through the regulations of karma-yoga.
              • We should always act according to our level or position and never try to imitate higher levels, without purification; and thus follow the guidance of guru, sadhu and sastra.
              Learnings from Purport 3.7

              (a) What is Prime ‘svartha-gati’ or the ‘goal of self-interest’

              • To reach Vishnu, which implies to be free from material bondage and enter God’s kingdom

              (b) Purpose of ‘Varnashrama’ institution – Designed to lead one gradually to this ‘goal of self-interest’

              • This implies that a sincere householder can also reach this destination by regulated service in Krishna consciousness

              (c) “Sincerity” means

              • Live a controlled life based on sastras and
              • Carry out your business without attachment

              (d) “Sincere sweeper is better than charlatan meditator”, who adopts show-bottle spiritualism to cheat innocent public.

              Text 3.8

              THEME : Recommends Arjuna that his prescribed duty as ksatriya is “Fighting or Work” and not “renunciation”, as per discussion in Text 2.47 “Karmany evadhikaras te…”

              • One cannot even maintain one’s physical body without work
              Learnings from Purport 3.8

              (a) Two examples of pretenders

              • Many pseudo-mediators who misrepresent themselves as belonging to high parentage, and…
              • Great professional men who falsely pose that they have sacrificed everything for the sake of advancement in spiritual life

              (b) Prescribed duties are meant to ‘cleanse of heart’ (Refer to Text 3.4 Focus of Learning box)

              (c) What is the heart’s contamination or the polluted propensities – Desire to lord over material nature which manifests as the desire for sense gratification.

              (d) Renunciation for the purpose of maintenance of body and soul is condemned in this verse

              • Without purification by prescribed duties, one should never attempt to be a so-called transcendentalist.

              LINK BETWEEN 3.8 & 3.9 : Arjuna wanted to avoid work out of fear that he will develop material attachments and desires and especially he fears the reaction that follows this work. Lord speaks Text 3.9 to differentiate ordinary entangling work from ‘Karma-yoga’, which carries one to liberation.

              Text 3.9

              THEME : Work done as a sacrifice (yajna) for satisfaction of Vishnu is a means of liberation from all bondages.

              Learnings from Purport 3.9

              (a) Meaning of ‘yajna’ – It refers to Lord Vishnu or Sacrificial performance

              • Some references given are as follows:
                o Vedas: “yajna vai visnu” – “Purpose of sacrifice” is pleasure of Vishnu
                o Vishnu–purana – Goal of varnahsrama – Satisfaction of Vishnu

              (b) Krishna Consciousness is process of ‘Yajna’ as per this verse because

              • The same purpose is served whether one performs ‘prescribed yajnas’ or ‘directly serves Lord Vishnu’
              • Also, varnashrama institution also aims at satisfying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna

              (c) “Work in Krishna Consciousness” –An art of doing work which requires expert Guidance

              (d) PRACTICAL APPLICATION: How to perform ‘work in Krishna consciousness’

              • Act diligently and under expert guidance of a devotee
              • Not at all for sense gratification but all for Krishna’s satisfaction

              (e) Benefit of such action in Krishna consciousness

              • Freedom from reaction
              • While performing one is in liberated state
              • Gradual elevation to love of God
              • Entrance into the kingdom of God

              (f) Conclusion: Text 3.9 elevates the ‘Niskama-karma’ of Texts 3.3 to 3.8 to the level of bhakti by including knowledge of Vishnu.

              SUMMARISED THEME 3A

              YOGA LADDER

              • Encourages regulated sense gratification
              • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
              • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
                o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
                o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
                o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
                o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
              • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
              • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
              • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
              • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
              • Platform of philosophical enquiry
              • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
              • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
              • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

              THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

              BHAKTI YOGA

              ASTANGA YOGA

              JNANA YOGA

              NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

              SAKAM KARMA YOGA

              KARMA KANDA

              ANIMAL LIFE

              Progress Chapter 1 50%

              (a) It compares the two paths of Sankhya-yoga and buddhi-yoga

              (b) Both yogas are interdependent as religion and philosophy

              (c) ‘Ultimate Goal’ is Krishna for both yoga processes

              (d) ‘Purpose’ is to establish the real position of self with the Super-self

              LINK BETWEEN 3.3 & 3.4 : Premature renunciation performed before sufficient purification at the karma stage, will neither bring purification nor liberation.

              Text 3.4

              THEME : Premature Renunciation carries no benefit – Premature Renunciation of prescribed duties will neither lead to freedom from reaction (Purification of heart) nor Perfection (Success or Liberation) – Thus no benefit achieved.

              Learnings from Purport 3.4

              (a) When does one accept renounced order – only when one is purified by the discharge of prescribed form of duties.

              (b) Purpose of “prescribed duties” – To purify the hearts of ‘materialistic men’

              (c) “Refutation of empiric philosophers that by adopting sannyasa one becomes “As Good as
              Narayana”

              • Disadvantage of sannyasa without purification
                o Disturbance to social order
                o No success and no freedom from reaction.

              (d) Practical application: Srila Prabhupada compares such ‘renunciation of activity’ to the ‘power of buddhi-yoga’

              • Ref Bg. 2.40 “nehabhikramo naso…” – Even a little endeavor in transcendental service of Lord, even if performed without the discharge of prescribed duties, whatever he may be able to perform directly purifies and saves one from the greatest difficulties.
              Text 3.5

              THEME: Sankhya-yoga is impractical because soul is always active

              • Everyone is forced to act helplessly according to the qualities acquired from the modes of material nature.
              • Therefore no-one can refrain from doing something, not even for a moment.
              Learnings from Purport 3.5

              (a) Premature sannyasa is harmful

              • Premature renunciation is harmful because soul is always active
                o Either it has to be engaged in service of Krishna or
                o Under illusory energy where it may acquire three modes

              (b) Thus this verse sets criteria on when one should take sannyasa

              • Depending on the kind of modes one is affected by, sastras present different prescribed duties
                o to purify us from affinity of modes
                o to bring us to the level of jnana, with the knowledge of difference between body and soul
              • Thus when sufficiently purified, one can take sannyasa

              (c) “Ultimate goal of Sannyasa, or any purificatory processes“ is to reach to the point of becoming Krishna conscious” (Ref. SB 1.5.17)

              (d) Krishna consciousness turns yoga-ladder into an elevator – Therefore contact with Krishna (through contact with devotee) at any step of yoga ladder will speed up the process of purification.

              Text 3.6

              THEME: : Condemns “An unfortunate renunciant” who renounces without purification

              • Defines ‘pretender’ or ‘mithyacarah – He restrains the senses of action but minds dwells on sense objects.
              Learnings from Purport 3.6

              This purport focuses on some possible characteristics of such pretenders.

              (a) Show-bottle spiritualist – They make of show of yogic meditation which is “of no value”

              (b) No value of the show of meditation

              • It is of no value because “mind is impure”, dwelling upon sense enjoyment
              • His knowledge has no value because the effects of such a sinful man’s knowledge are taken
                away by illusory energy of the Lord

              (c) Greatest cheaters – May speak dry philosophy to bluff sophisticated followers, but they are the greatest cheaters

              • One who makes a show of being a yogi while actually searching for the objects of sense
                gratification must be called the greatest cheater

              (d) What they should understand – They should understand the following:

              • For sense enjoyment one can act in any capacity of the social order,
              • But if one follows the rules and regulations of his particular status he can make gradual progress in purifying his existence.
              Text 3.7

              THEME : Appreciates a “Sincere dutiful householder” to be better than “Attached or Mithyacarah Sannyasi”

              • One should sincerely try to control active senses by the mind and begin Karma-yoga without attachment.

              IMPORTANT POINTS :

              • Taking to quick renunciation before one is qualified may be an attempt to acquire subtle sense gratification through profit, adoration and distinction. Krishna mockingly contrasts this  pseudo renunciation with the honest attempt at purification through the regulations of karma-yoga.
              • We should always act according to our level or position and never try to imitate higher levels, without purification; and thus follow the guidance of guru, sadhu and sastra.
              Learnings from Purport 3.7

              (a) What is Prime ‘svartha-gati’ or the ‘goal of self-interest’

              • To reach Vishnu, which implies to be free from material bondage and enter God’s kingdom

              (b) Purpose of ‘Varnashrama’ institution – Designed to lead one gradually to this ‘goal of self-interest’

              • This implies that a sincere householder can also reach this destination by regulated service in Krishna consciousness

              (c) “Sincerity” means

              • Live a controlled life based on sastras and
              • Carry out your business without attachment

              (d) “Sincere sweeper is better than charlatan meditator”, who adopts show-bottle spiritualism to cheat innocent public.

              Text 3.8

              THEME : Recommends Arjuna that his prescribed duty as ksatriya is “Fighting or Work” and not “renunciation”, as per discussion in Text 2.47 “Karmany evadhikaras te…”

              • One cannot even maintain one’s physical body without work
              Learnings from Purport 3.8

              (a) Two examples of pretenders

              • Many pseudo-mediators who misrepresent themselves as belonging to high parentage, and…
              • Great professional men who falsely pose that they have sacrificed everything for the sake of advancement in spiritual life

              (b) Prescribed duties are meant to ‘cleanse of heart’ (Refer to Text 3.4 Focus of Learning box)

              (c) What is the heart’s contamination or the polluted propensities – Desire to lord over material nature which manifests as the desire for sense gratification.

              (d) Renunciation for the purpose of maintenance of body and soul is condemned in this verse

              • Without purification by prescribed duties, one should never attempt to be a so-called transcendentalist.

              LINK BETWEEN 3.8 & 3.9 : Arjuna wanted to avoid work out of fear that he will develop material attachments and desires and especially he fears the reaction that follows this work. Lord speaks Text 3.9 to differentiate ordinary entangling work from ‘Karma-yoga’, which carries one to liberation.

              Text 3.9

              THEME : Work done as a sacrifice (yajna) for satisfaction of Vishnu is a means of liberation from all bondages.

              Learnings from Purport 3.9

              (a) Meaning of ‘yajna’ – It refers to Lord Vishnu or Sacrificial performance

              • Some references given are as follows:
                o Vedas: “yajna vai visnu” – “Purpose of sacrifice” is pleasure of Vishnu
                o Vishnu–purana – Goal of varnahsrama – Satisfaction of Vishnu

              (b) Krishna Consciousness is process of ‘Yajna’ as per this verse because

              • The same purpose is served whether one performs ‘prescribed yajnas’ or ‘directly serves Lord Vishnu’
              • Also, varnashrama institution also aims at satisfying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna

              (c) “Work in Krishna Consciousness” –An art of doing work which requires expert Guidance

              (d) PRACTICAL APPLICATION: How to perform ‘work in Krishna consciousness’

              • Act diligently and under expert guidance of a devotee
              • Not at all for sense gratification but all for Krishna’s satisfaction

              (e) Benefit of such action in Krishna consciousness

              • Freedom from reaction
              • While performing one is in liberated state
              • Gradual elevation to love of God
              • Entrance into the kingdom of God

              (f) Conclusion: Text 3.9 elevates the ‘Niskama-karma’ of Texts 3.3 to 3.8 to the level of bhakti by including knowledge of Vishnu.

              SUMMARISED THEME 3A

              YOGA LADDER

              • Encourages regulated sense gratification
              • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
              • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
                o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
                o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
                o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
                o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
              • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
              • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
              • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
              • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
              • Platform of philosophical enquiry
              • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
              • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
              • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

              THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

              BHAKTI YOGA

              ASTANGA YOGA

              JNANA YOGA

              NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

              SAKAM KARMA YOGA

              KARMA KANDA

              ANIMAL LIFE

              Progress Chapter 1 50%

                (a) It compares the two paths of Sankhya-yoga and buddhi-yoga

                (b) Both yogas are interdependent as religion and philosophy

                (c) ‘Ultimate Goal’ is Krishna for both yoga processes

                (d) ‘Purpose’ is to establish the real position of self with the Super-self

                LINK BETWEEN 3.3 & 3.4 : Premature renunciation performed before sufficient purification at the karma stage, will neither bring purification nor liberation.

                Text 3.4

                THEME : Premature Renunciation carries no benefit – Premature Renunciation of prescribed duties will neither lead to freedom from reaction (Purification of heart) nor Perfection (Success or Liberation) – Thus no benefit achieved.

                Learnings from Purport 3.4

                (a) When does one accept renounced order – only when one is purified by the discharge of prescribed form of duties.

                (b) Purpose of “prescribed duties” – To purify the hearts of ‘materialistic men’

                (c) “Refutation of empiric philosophers that by adopting sannyasa one becomes “As Good as
                Narayana”

                • Disadvantage of sannyasa without purification
                  o Disturbance to social order
                  o No success and no freedom from reaction.

                (d) Practical application: Srila Prabhupada compares such ‘renunciation of activity’ to the ‘power of buddhi-yoga’

                • Ref Bg. 2.40 “nehabhikramo naso…” – Even a little endeavor in transcendental service of Lord, even if performed without the discharge of prescribed duties, whatever he may be able to perform directly purifies and saves one from the greatest difficulties.
                Text 3.5

                THEME: Sankhya-yoga is impractical because soul is always active

                • Everyone is forced to act helplessly according to the qualities acquired from the modes of material nature.
                • Therefore no-one can refrain from doing something, not even for a moment.
                Learnings from Purport 3.5

                (a) Premature sannyasa is harmful

                • Premature renunciation is harmful because soul is always active
                  o Either it has to be engaged in service of Krishna or
                  o Under illusory energy where it may acquire three modes

                (b) Thus this verse sets criteria on when one should take sannyasa

                • Depending on the kind of modes one is affected by, sastras present different prescribed duties
                  o to purify us from affinity of modes
                  o to bring us to the level of jnana, with the knowledge of difference between body and soul
                • Thus when sufficiently purified, one can take sannyasa

                (c) “Ultimate goal of Sannyasa, or any purificatory processes“ is to reach to the point of becoming Krishna conscious” (Ref. SB 1.5.17)

                (d) Krishna consciousness turns yoga-ladder into an elevator – Therefore contact with Krishna (through contact with devotee) at any step of yoga ladder will speed up the process of purification.

                Text 3.6

                THEME: : Condemns “An unfortunate renunciant” who renounces without purification

                • Defines ‘pretender’ or ‘mithyacarah – He restrains the senses of action but minds dwells on sense objects.
                Learnings from Purport 3.6

                This purport focuses on some possible characteristics of such pretenders.

                (a) Show-bottle spiritualist – They make of show of yogic meditation which is “of no value”

                (b) No value of the show of meditation

                • It is of no value because “mind is impure”, dwelling upon sense enjoyment
                • His knowledge has no value because the effects of such a sinful man’s knowledge are taken
                  away by illusory energy of the Lord

                (c) Greatest cheaters – May speak dry philosophy to bluff sophisticated followers, but they are the greatest cheaters

                • One who makes a show of being a yogi while actually searching for the objects of sense
                  gratification must be called the greatest cheater

                (d) What they should understand – They should understand the following:

                • For sense enjoyment one can act in any capacity of the social order,
                • But if one follows the rules and regulations of his particular status he can make gradual progress in purifying his existence.
                Text 3.7

                THEME : Appreciates a “Sincere dutiful householder” to be better than “Attached or Mithyacarah Sannyasi”

                • One should sincerely try to control active senses by the mind and begin Karma-yoga without attachment.

                IMPORTANT POINTS :

                • Taking to quick renunciation before one is qualified may be an attempt to acquire subtle sense gratification through profit, adoration and distinction. Krishna mockingly contrasts this  pseudo renunciation with the honest attempt at purification through the regulations of karma-yoga.
                • We should always act according to our level or position and never try to imitate higher levels, without purification; and thus follow the guidance of guru, sadhu and sastra.
                Learnings from Purport 3.7

                (a) What is Prime ‘svartha-gati’ or the ‘goal of self-interest’

                • To reach Vishnu, which implies to be free from material bondage and enter God’s kingdom

                (b) Purpose of ‘Varnashrama’ institution – Designed to lead one gradually to this ‘goal of self-interest’

                • This implies that a sincere householder can also reach this destination by regulated service in Krishna consciousness

                (c) “Sincerity” means

                • Live a controlled life based on sastras and
                • Carry out your business without attachment

                (d) “Sincere sweeper is better than charlatan meditator”, who adopts show-bottle spiritualism to cheat innocent public.

                Text 3.8

                THEME : Recommends Arjuna that his prescribed duty as ksatriya is “Fighting or Work” and not “renunciation”, as per discussion in Text 2.47 “Karmany evadhikaras te…”

                • One cannot even maintain one’s physical body without work
                Learnings from Purport 3.8

                (a) Two examples of pretenders

                • Many pseudo-mediators who misrepresent themselves as belonging to high parentage, and…
                • Great professional men who falsely pose that they have sacrificed everything for the sake of advancement in spiritual life

                (b) Prescribed duties are meant to ‘cleanse of heart’ (Refer to Text 3.4 Focus of Learning box)

                (c) What is the heart’s contamination or the polluted propensities – Desire to lord over material nature which manifests as the desire for sense gratification.

                (d) Renunciation for the purpose of maintenance of body and soul is condemned in this verse

                • Without purification by prescribed duties, one should never attempt to be a so-called transcendentalist.

                LINK BETWEEN 3.8 & 3.9 : Arjuna wanted to avoid work out of fear that he will develop material attachments and desires and especially he fears the reaction that follows this work. Lord speaks Text 3.9 to differentiate ordinary entangling work from ‘Karma-yoga’, which carries one to liberation.

                Text 3.9

                THEME : Work done as a sacrifice (yajna) for satisfaction of Vishnu is a means of liberation from all bondages.

                Learnings from Purport 3.9

                (a) Meaning of ‘yajna’ – It refers to Lord Vishnu or Sacrificial performance

                • Some references given are as follows:
                  o Vedas: “yajna vai visnu” – “Purpose of sacrifice” is pleasure of Vishnu
                  o Vishnu–purana – Goal of varnahsrama – Satisfaction of Vishnu

                (b) Krishna Consciousness is process of ‘Yajna’ as per this verse because

                • The same purpose is served whether one performs ‘prescribed yajnas’ or ‘directly serves Lord Vishnu’
                • Also, varnashrama institution also aims at satisfying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna

                (c) “Work in Krishna Consciousness” –An art of doing work which requires expert Guidance

                (d) PRACTICAL APPLICATION: How to perform ‘work in Krishna consciousness’

                • Act diligently and under expert guidance of a devotee
                • Not at all for sense gratification but all for Krishna’s satisfaction

                (e) Benefit of such action in Krishna consciousness

                • Freedom from reaction
                • While performing one is in liberated state
                • Gradual elevation to love of God
                • Entrance into the kingdom of God

                (f) Conclusion: Text 3.9 elevates the ‘Niskama-karma’ of Texts 3.3 to 3.8 to the level of bhakti by including knowledge of Vishnu.

                SUMMARISED THEME 3A

                YOGA LADDER

                • Encourages regulated sense gratification
                • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
                • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
                  o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
                  o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
                  o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
                  o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
                • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
                • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
                • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
                • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
                • Platform of philosophical enquiry
                • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
                • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
                • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

                THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

                BHAKTI YOGA

                ASTANGA YOGA

                JNANA YOGA

                NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

                SAKAM KARMA YOGA

                KARMA KANDA

                ANIMAL LIFE

                Progress Chapter 1 50%

                NISKAMA-KARMA YOGA (3.3 - 3.9)

                IMPORTANT POINTS :

                • Liberation or bondage is not determined by one’s activities, but by ones consciousness in performing those activities. Thus, renunciation is not giving up of activities, but is the giving up of attachment to the fruit of activity.
                • Renunciation of activity without the necessary training, knowledge and purification will lead to destruction on the path of spiritual advancement. Without prescribed duties, an unfulfilled desire for activity will lead the premature renunciate to sinful action.

                LINK WITH 3.1 & 3.2 : Krishna begins answering Arjuna’s question by pointing out the defects in his desire to renounce duty in Texts 3.3 – 3.9.

                Text 3.3 – 3.9

                COMMON THEME : This section describes the defects in the desire to renounce prescribed duty and thus focuses on the following points which summarize Texts 3.3 – 3.9:

                • The “Active Nature of Soul”
                • Inactivity is not an option available
                • So it is advised to perform our activities in a way that they are directed towards self – purification and self–realization
                • Self-purification and self–realization are the purposes of performing prescribed duties.
                Text 3.3

                THEME : Both karma and sankhya are valid and interdependent parts of self-realisation. Action without knowledge is mundane. Knowledge without action is powerless.

                • Text 2.39 explained two processes
                  ⇒ Sankhya-yoga or analytical study (based on jnana)
                  ⇒ Karma-yoga or buddhi-yoga which involves activities or karma
                • But the right understanding is that “karma stage” and “jnana stage” are two rungs on the same yoga ladder depending on one’s “nistha”
                  ⇒ ‘Nistha’ is the word used in Text 3.3 – it means purity of heart or level of faith.
                • Karma stage vs Jnana Stage – Karma stage is the platform at which work is recommended and jnana stage is the platform when one is sufficiently purified and detached to renounce work.
                Learnings from Purport 3.3

                (a) It compares the two paths of Sankhya-yoga and buddhi-yoga

                • Sankhya-yoga or philosophical speculation
                  o Defined as the analytical study of the nature of spirit and matter
                  o For whom – This is the subject matter for persons who are inclined to speculate and understand things by experimental knowledge and philosophy.
                • Buddhi-yoga or Direct Krishna Consciousness
                  o Described in Text 2.61 – Buddhi-yoga is to depend entirely on the Supreme (Krishna)
                  o By working in Buddhi-yoga one is relieved from the bondage of work (2.39)

                (b) Both yogas are interdependent as religion and philosophy

                • Religion without philosophy is “sentiment / fanaticism”, and
                • Philosophy without Religion is “mental speculation”

                (c) ‘Ultimate Goal’ is Krishna for both yoga processes

                (d) ‘Purpose’ is to establish the real position of self with the Super-self

                LINK BETWEEN 3.3 & 3.4 : Premature renunciation performed before sufficient purification at the karma stage, will neither bring purification nor liberation.

                Text 3.4

                THEME : Premature Renunciation carries no benefit – Premature Renunciation of prescribed duties will neither lead to freedom from reaction (Purification of heart) nor Perfection (Success or Liberation) – Thus no benefit achieved.

                Learnings from Purport 3.4

                (a) When does one accept renounced order – only when one is purified by the discharge of prescribed form of duties.

                (b) Purpose of “prescribed duties” – To purify the hearts of ‘materialistic men’

                (c) “Refutation of empiric philosophers that by adopting sannyasa one becomes “As Good as
                Narayana”

                • Disadvantage of sannyasa without purification
                  o Disturbance to social order
                  o No success and no freedom from reaction.

                (d) Practical application: Srila Prabhupada compares such ‘renunciation of activity’ to the ‘power of buddhi-yoga’

                • Ref Bg. 2.40 “nehabhikramo naso…” – Even a little endeavor in transcendental service of Lord, even if performed without the discharge of prescribed duties, whatever he may be able to perform directly purifies and saves one from the greatest difficulties.
                Text 3.5

                THEME: Sankhya-yoga is impractical because soul is always active

                • Everyone is forced to act helplessly according to the qualities acquired from the modes of material nature.
                • Therefore no-one can refrain from doing something, not even for a moment.
                Learnings from Purport 3.5

                (a) Premature sannyasa is harmful

                • Premature renunciation is harmful because soul is always active
                  o Either it has to be engaged in service of Krishna or
                  o Under illusory energy where it may acquire three modes

                (b) Thus this verse sets criteria on when one should take sannyasa

                • Depending on the kind of modes one is affected by, sastras present different prescribed duties
                  o to purify us from affinity of modes
                  o to bring us to the level of jnana, with the knowledge of difference between body and soul
                • Thus when sufficiently purified, one can take sannyasa

                (c) “Ultimate goal of Sannyasa, or any purificatory processes“ is to reach to the point of becoming Krishna conscious” (Ref. SB 1.5.17)

                (d) Krishna consciousness turns yoga-ladder into an elevator – Therefore contact with Krishna (through contact with devotee) at any step of yoga ladder will speed up the process of purification.

                Text 3.6

                THEME: : Condemns “An unfortunate renunciant” who renounces without purification

                • Defines ‘pretender’ or ‘mithyacarah – He restrains the senses of action but minds dwells on sense objects.
                Learnings from Purport 3.6

                This purport focuses on some possible characteristics of such pretenders.

                (a) Show-bottle spiritualist – They make of show of yogic meditation which is “of no value”

                (b) No value of the show of meditation

                • It is of no value because “mind is impure”, dwelling upon sense enjoyment
                • His knowledge has no value because the effects of such a sinful man’s knowledge are taken
                  away by illusory energy of the Lord

                (c) Greatest cheaters – May speak dry philosophy to bluff sophisticated followers, but they are the greatest cheaters

                • One who makes a show of being a yogi while actually searching for the objects of sense
                  gratification must be called the greatest cheater

                (d) What they should understand – They should understand the following:

                • For sense enjoyment one can act in any capacity of the social order,
                • But if one follows the rules and regulations of his particular status he can make gradual progress in purifying his existence.
                Text 3.7

                THEME : Appreciates a “Sincere dutiful householder” to be better than “Attached or Mithyacarah Sannyasi”

                • One should sincerely try to control active senses by the mind and begin Karma-yoga without attachment.

                IMPORTANT POINTS :

                • Taking to quick renunciation before one is qualified may be an attempt to acquire subtle sense gratification through profit, adoration and distinction. Krishna mockingly contrasts this  pseudo renunciation with the honest attempt at purification through the regulations of karma-yoga.
                • We should always act according to our level or position and never try to imitate higher levels, without purification; and thus follow the guidance of guru, sadhu and sastra.
                Learnings from Purport 3.7

                (a) What is Prime ‘svartha-gati’ or the ‘goal of self-interest’

                • To reach Vishnu, which implies to be free from material bondage and enter God’s kingdom

                (b) Purpose of ‘Varnashrama’ institution – Designed to lead one gradually to this ‘goal of self-interest’

                • This implies that a sincere householder can also reach this destination by regulated service in Krishna consciousness

                (c) “Sincerity” means

                • Live a controlled life based on sastras and
                • Carry out your business without attachment

                (d) “Sincere sweeper is better than charlatan meditator”, who adopts show-bottle spiritualism to cheat innocent public.

                Text 3.8

                THEME : Recommends Arjuna that his prescribed duty as ksatriya is “Fighting or Work” and not “renunciation”, as per discussion in Text 2.47 “Karmany evadhikaras te…”

                • One cannot even maintain one’s physical body without work
                Learnings from Purport 3.8

                (a) Two examples of pretenders

                • Many pseudo-mediators who misrepresent themselves as belonging to high parentage, and…
                • Great professional men who falsely pose that they have sacrificed everything for the sake of advancement in spiritual life

                (b) Prescribed duties are meant to ‘cleanse of heart’ (Refer to Text 3.4 Focus of Learning box)

                (c) What is the heart’s contamination or the polluted propensities – Desire to lord over material nature which manifests as the desire for sense gratification.

                (d) Renunciation for the purpose of maintenance of body and soul is condemned in this verse

                • Without purification by prescribed duties, one should never attempt to be a so-called transcendentalist.

                LINK BETWEEN 3.8 & 3.9 : Arjuna wanted to avoid work out of fear that he will develop material attachments and desires and especially he fears the reaction that follows this work. Lord speaks Text 3.9 to differentiate ordinary entangling work from ‘Karma-yoga’, which carries one to liberation.

                Text 3.9

                THEME : Work done as a sacrifice (yajna) for satisfaction of Vishnu is a means of liberation from all bondages.

                Learnings from Purport 3.9

                (a) Meaning of ‘yajna’ – It refers to Lord Vishnu or Sacrificial performance

                • Some references given are as follows:
                  o Vedas: “yajna vai visnu” – “Purpose of sacrifice” is pleasure of Vishnu
                  o Vishnu–purana – Goal of varnahsrama – Satisfaction of Vishnu

                (b) Krishna Consciousness is process of ‘Yajna’ as per this verse because

                • The same purpose is served whether one performs ‘prescribed yajnas’ or ‘directly serves Lord Vishnu’
                • Also, varnashrama institution also aims at satisfying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna

                (c) “Work in Krishna Consciousness” –An art of doing work which requires expert Guidance

                (d) PRACTICAL APPLICATION: How to perform ‘work in Krishna consciousness’

                • Act diligently and under expert guidance of a devotee
                • Not at all for sense gratification but all for Krishna’s satisfaction

                (e) Benefit of such action in Krishna consciousness

                • Freedom from reaction
                • While performing one is in liberated state
                • Gradual elevation to love of God
                • Entrance into the kingdom of God

                (f) Conclusion: Text 3.9 elevates the ‘Niskama-karma’ of Texts 3.3 to 3.8 to the level of bhakti by including knowledge of Vishnu.

                SUMMARISED THEME 3A

                YOGA LADDER

                • Encourages regulated sense gratification
                • Meant to bring general mass of people to the platform of religiosity
                • Purifies the practitioner in many ways:
                  o Regulation brings detachment which fosters knowledge
                  o Gradually Vedas expose him to Jnana and Upasana sections
                  o Results of Yajna gives him faith in Sastras
                  o Motivates him to associate with Brahmanas who give higher knowledge
                • Gradually the practitioner finds the ‘futility of material life’ and makes ‘transcendence as his goal’
                • Frustration in material life / Desires purification
                • Attempts to renounce fruits of labor
                • But attachment to material desires (fruits) still linger on
                • Platform of philosophical enquiry
                • Detached from both, ‘action’ and the ‘fruit of action’
                • Achieved when jnana-yoga elevates to the point of meditation
                • Can permeate any of the stages mentioned above other than Karma Kanda , but generally does not fully manifest before the deep realisation evolved at the Jnana stage (Ref. Bg. 7.19 “Bahunam janmanam….”)

                THE EXTENDED YOGA LADDER

                BHAKTI YOGA

                ASTANGA YOGA

                JNANA YOGA

                NISKAMA KARMA YOGA

                SAKAM KARMA YOGA

                KARMA KANDA

                ANIMAL LIFE

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